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| website = | extra = Lake Manapouri is a natural lake - the drop between it and the sea is used by Manapouri station. }} Manapouri Power Station is an underground hydroelectric power station on the western arm of Lake Manapouri in Fiordland National Park, in the South Island of New Zealand. At 850 MW installed capacity (although limited to 800 MW due to resource consent limits〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Energy Data File )〕), it is the largest hydroelectric power station in New Zealand, and the second largest power station in New Zealand. The station is noted for the controversy and environmental protests by the Save Manapouri Campaign against the raising the level of Lake Manapouri to increase the station's head, which galvanised New Zealanders and were one of the foundations of the New Zealand environmental movement. Completed in 1971, Manapouri was largely built to supply electricity to the Tiwai Point aluminium smelter near Bluff, some to the southeast, as well as into the South Island transmission network. The station utilises the drop between the western arm of Lake Manapouri and the Deep Cove branch of the Doubtful Sound away to generate electricity. The construction of the station required the excavation of almost 1.4 million tonnes of hard rock to build the machine hall and a 10 km tailrace tunnel, with a second parallel tailrace tunnel completed in 2002 to increase the station's capacity. Since April 1999, the power station has been owned and operated by state-owned electricity generator Meridian Energy. ==Construction== The power station machine hall was excavated from solid granite rock 200 metres below the level of Lake Manapouri. Two tailrace tunnels take the water that passes through the power station to Deep Cove, a branch of Doubtful Sound, away. Access to the power station is via a two-kilometre vehicle-access tunnel which spirals down from the surface, or a lift that drops down from the control room above the lake. There is no road access into the site; a regular boat service ferries power station workers and tourists 35 km across the lake from Pearl Harbour, located in the town of Manapouri at the southeast corner of the lake. The original construction of the power station cost NZ$135.5 million (NZ$2.15 billion in 2013 dollars),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= New Zealand CPI Inflation Calculator - Reserve Bank on New Zealand )〕 involved almost 8 million man hours to construct, and claimed the lives of 16 workers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Manapouri Facts and Figures - Meridian Energy )〕 Soon after the power station began generating at full capacity in 1972, engineers confirmed a design problem. Greater than anticipated friction between the water and the tailrace tunnel walls meant reduced hydrodynamic head. For 30 years, until 2002, station operators risked flooding the powerhouse if they ran the station at an output greater than (with high lake level and a low tide the station could generate up to ), far short of the designed peak capacity of . Construction of a second tailrace tunnel in the late 1990s, long and 10 metres in diameter, finally solved the problem and increased capacity to . The increased exit flow also increased the effective head, allowing the turbines to generate more power without using more water. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manapouri Power Station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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